Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer Essay -- essays

Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This year 203,000 women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer, and 40,000 of them are expected to die. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women the ages of 35-54. There are numerous ways breast cancer can be treated if found early. The key to treating breast cancer is early detection, beast self-exams, and early mammograms. One out of every eight women will get diagnosed with Breast Cancer this year; therefore, new advanced technology of the treatment of Breast Cancer is the key to life after the disease. There is a lot of information that has to be known about breast cancer in order to do something about the disease such as what breast cancer is, the history and some risk factors.Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts from cells of the breast. Breast cancer is found mostly in women, but men can get breast cancer. Being a women and getting older, put women at higher risk of getting diagnosed with breast cancer. As women get older their risk continues. Many factors that contribute to the risk of breast cancer, such as the history of breast cancer in your family, or close relatives. â€Å"Researchers are investigating genes that may be related to breast cancer, and they are examining whether smoking or estrogen levels influence that incidence of the disease† (N.W hospital 1). However, some women who have one or more risk factors may not get diagnosed with breast cancer, but most women who don’t have any risk factors get diagnosed with the disease. Today there are many risks that go along with Breast Cancer,some can not be changed but some can be stoped. One risk factor that cannot be changed is gender, women are at higher risk for breast cancer then men are. Age is also a factor that cannot be controlled, because the chance of breast cancer goes up, as women get older. Furthermore genetic risk factors cannot be changed. â€Å"About one case of breast cancer in ten is linked to changes (mutation) in certain genes† (Illinois Department 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early detection is the key to life after Breast Cancer. Effects that help to early detection goes as the fallowing; Yearly mammograms, Clinical Examinations, and checking yourself monthly. â€Å"Mammograms are a specific type of imaging that uses a low-dose x-ray system a... ...y is the most common form of drug treatment. â€Å"Chemotherapy uses different kinds of drugs that can kill cancer cells† (NW Hospital). Chemotherapy can also kill cancer that has spread throughout the body as well. Again there are some advantages and disadvantages. When the surgery is over the person will be as a smaller risk of the cancer returning. Disadvantages include disruption of the menstrual cycle in women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Learning that one is infected with breast caner is traumatizing and can cause depression. Women who are diagnosed must remember and understand that they are not alone in the struggle with their disease. Many women today aren’t aware of what breast cancer really is and how it works. Hopefully after this paper women will become more aware of this cancer and want to be more involved. Breast cancer works in mysterious ways, from finding out you have breast cancer, and the people who are at risk, to early detection and then later the advanced technologies of the treatment to the disease. Breast cancer is a very serious disease but if there is early detection, there can and will be life after Breast Cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer Essay -- essays Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This year 203,000 women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer, and 40,000 of them are expected to die. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women the ages of 35-54. There are numerous ways breast cancer can be treated if found early. The key to treating breast cancer is early detection, beast self-exams, and early mammograms. One out of every eight women will get diagnosed with Breast Cancer this year; therefore, new advanced technology of the treatment of Breast Cancer is the key to life after the disease. There is a lot of information that has to be known about breast cancer in order to do something about the disease such as what breast cancer is, the history and some risk factors.Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts from cells of the breast. Breast cancer is found mostly in women, but men can get breast cancer. Being a women and getting older, put women at higher risk of getting diagnosed with breast cancer. As women get older their risk continues. Many factors that contribute to the risk of breast cancer, such as the history of breast cancer in your family, or close relatives. â€Å"Researchers are investigating genes that may be related to breast cancer, and they are examining whether smoking or estrogen levels influence that incidence of the disease† (N.W hospital 1). However, some women who have one or more risk factors may not get diagnosed with breast cancer, but most women who don’t have any risk factors get diagnosed with the disease. Today there are many risks that go along with Breast Cancer,some can not be changed but some can be stoped. One risk factor that cannot be changed is gender, women are at higher risk for breast cancer then men are. Age is also a factor that cannot be controlled, because the chance of breast cancer goes up, as women get older. Furthermore genetic risk factors cannot be changed. â€Å"About one case of breast cancer in ten is linked to changes (mutation) in certain genes† (Illinois Department 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early detection is the key to life after Breast Cancer. Effects that help to early detection goes as the fallowing; Yearly mammograms, Clinical Examinations, and checking yourself monthly. â€Å"Mammograms are a specific type of imaging that uses a low-dose x-ray system a... ...y is the most common form of drug treatment. â€Å"Chemotherapy uses different kinds of drugs that can kill cancer cells† (NW Hospital). Chemotherapy can also kill cancer that has spread throughout the body as well. Again there are some advantages and disadvantages. When the surgery is over the person will be as a smaller risk of the cancer returning. Disadvantages include disruption of the menstrual cycle in women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Learning that one is infected with breast caner is traumatizing and can cause depression. Women who are diagnosed must remember and understand that they are not alone in the struggle with their disease. Many women today aren’t aware of what breast cancer really is and how it works. Hopefully after this paper women will become more aware of this cancer and want to be more involved. Breast cancer works in mysterious ways, from finding out you have breast cancer, and the people who are at risk, to early detection and then later the advanced technologies of the treatment to the disease. Breast cancer is a very serious disease but if there is early detection, there can and will be life after Breast Cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Health: Exercise and Life Essay

1.English language in my life. Nowadays English is the international language of human speech, either spoken or written all over the world. Language itself is the most common system of communication which allows people to talk to each other and to write their thoughts and ideas. And it is the only one reason why English is important in our life. It means that there are a lot of other reasons. Firstly,learning a foreign language increases your range of communication. For example, if you speak only English, you can communicate with over 400 million other persons. If you also learn Spanish, you could speak to any of the 297 million Spanish-speaking people in Latin America, Spain, and other parts of the world. Secondly,by learning another language, you get knowledge of the customs and ways of life of their nations. While learning French, you find out how French people live, behave, and think. And finally,a foreign language can help and add to your knowledge of your own language. For example, by studying Latin, you can improve your understanding of the thousands of English words that have their roots in Latin. So, I think that if a person have reasons to learn English he can learn it everywhere. And there are some often used ways how to do it. Firstly, you can learn English at school, where teachers can help you with your pronunciation skills . Secondly, you can learn it by travelling and speaking with native people of this language. For example, you can visit the UK or The USA where all people speak English. And finally, It seems to me that it will be good to attend special cources, at which you can deepen your knowledge at this language. But also, also you can learn English at home. And there are several ways how to do it very effectively Firstly, you can use tape recorders, which permit students to listen, repeat, erase their own repetition and then try again. Secondly,I think that videotape can realy helps in studying language because it lets students watch their mouth movements. And finally It seems to that computers can halp to study English because it can correct student’s translation of words and phrases on a video display screen. So, these language study aids provide not only instruction and practice, but also self-instruction, because they can be used without a teacher. As for me I learn English at school. I have 5 different classes and 3 teachers of English. The first is homereading were we read a lot, retell and analyse different texts. The second is Country Stusying where we learn the history of Great Britain and the USA. The third is Grammer where the teacher teaches us the Grammer of the English language. The forth is writing where we study how to write letters to our penfriends. And the last one is Practice of English. I think that tt is very interesting class because there I try to express my own opinion about different things. It seems to me that all these lessons are very important because they can help me to deepen my knowledge of English. So, English plays an improtant role in my life not only because that it can help to communicate with people from other countries but also because it can help to know more about other cultures, traditions and habits. 2.health is the best than wealth â€Å"Health is wealth† and Health is better than wealth† are well-known and oft repeated sayings. These underline a vital fact of life. Without good health nothing is of much use. If any sensible person is asked what he would prefer, health or wealth. He would immediately answer ‘health’. Without good health and physical fitness life would become a burden and a tasteless thing. Those who are sick, ill or weak in health are found dejected, nervous, hopeless and without any zest for life and its activities. He who has health and a fit body has hope, inspiration and so everything in fife. Health goes far, even farther than wealth and any other thing in life. It is a sure key to success. Without physical fitness and good health nothing good or substantial can be achieved. Only the healthy citizens, and men and women make a healthy and happy nation. Only healthy people can work hopefully, steadily, constantly and at people can work hopefully, steadily, constantly and at their best, to achieve better and better results. Again, it is only a healthy man or woman who can desire and strive for perfection. Weak men can never make good citizens, leaders, businessmen, soldiers or a brave people. Healthy minds reside in healthy bodies. Men and women indifferent to their health cannot either be intelligent or make good artists, poets, public servants and useful members of the society. Most of the great and successful men and women owe their success to their outdoor physical activities, playing habits and exercise in their youth. Their athletic habits, cultivated in their youth, always stood them in good stead later in life. Consequently, they always possessed sound health and mind, leading them to the crowning glory. Their mental vigor, exuberance of thoughts, vivacity and enthusiasm for work came from their robust health, and physical fitness, which they obtained through regular exercise, game and sports, long walks, swimming, horse-riding, yogic postures and such other activities. The way to health, happiness and success lies through physical work, exercise and animal robustness. Therefore, look to your health, if you have it; praise your luck and stars. If you do not have it, then ponder we over your life-style and try to develop athletic habits. Go to your garden, grasp a spade and engage yourself in digging or wood-cutting. Run a mile early in the morning, play some game like football, volley ball or badminton, and you will soon regain your health and energy. And these in their turn will fill your life with a new hope and meaningfulness. Every man and woman should undertake some physical work or exercise regularly. It is the sound body that brings sound mind with it. It was in the playgrounds of Eton school that the battle of Waterloo was actually won and Napoleon defeated. The toughness acquired in the school playground was turned to good account in the battlefield. It is such physical activities as wrestling, boating, cricketing, sporting, and playing games and exercise which promote national health and strength. The player or a sports-prison who would win races honorably must have an honorable and successful career. To do one’s work cheerfully and well. Every man and woman should possess a good constitution, and this can be got only by daily exercise in the open air. Physical education should be an integral part of education and training in our schools, colleges and universities. Physical fitness is a must for everybody. It is in the very young age that athletic habits and. love for physical work and exercise should be developed. The best time to have physical exercise is early in the morning and late in the evening. It is heartening to note that yogic exercises, postures etc., have been introduced in our schools and colleges. Through yogic exercises we can develop both our minds and bodies. These exercises are very scientific and time- tested and goes a long way in facing and eliminating stresses, tensions and worries of modern materialistic life. Yoga, the oldest science of life, teaches us how to work, rest, relax and breathe to maintain good health and mental capacities. Yogic asana and postures help us lubricate the body-machine, keep the muscles and joints running smoothly, tone all the internal organs and increase blood circulation without causing any fatigue. Our body is like a perfect and subtle machine that needs proper maintenance, care and running. Anyone can practice Yoga and maintain his health and peace of mind. People who do not take regular exercise or do Yogic postures easily fall sick. Many of our modern diseases like obesity, diabetes, blood-pressure, mental tension, rheumatism, piles etc., have their roots in our lethargy, comfortable living, ease and convenience of life. They can be very easily checked and eliminated by taking daily physical exercise. Lethargy and inactivity, coupled with easy living, make our body an easy victim of diseases. From the very young age the boys and girls should be properly trained in physical fitness and exercises. They should be helped to cultivate and develop athletic habits. It may be repeated once again that physical fitness is imperative and should not be neglected. It is high time that we pay more attention and use greater resources to develop and promote national physical standards. We should create a harmonious atmosphere where the body is given no less importance than the mind, because without physical powers there cannot be any mental power. Physical exercise, taken regularly, works like a wonderful tonic both for mind and body. But there should be moderation and there should not be too much of it. Neglect of exercise is as bad and injurious as the overdose of it. 3.Parents are the best teachers.. Obviously, the first teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents. They teach us to speak, walk, ride a bike, behave ourselves etc. From my everyday experience and observation I can totally agree with the statement that parents are the best teachers. In the following paragraphs I will try to support my answer with some reasons and examples. First of all, I would say that parents are our very first teachers. They with great patience pass down the essential knowledge that we need in order to join ‘the real world’. Children often copy their parents’ habits and traits because children are sure that parents do only right things. Often children’s first wish is to be like their mother of father. Parents are the best teachers because they wish their children to be successful and they do not teach them bad things. However, in order to succeed in today’s world children need more than just to know good manners and be able to read and write. They need real teachers who would teach them logic, mathematics, literature, foreign language, management etc. Moreover, they need to communicate with the children of the same age. Adolescence is a period when children learn more from their friends then from their parents. At this age many young people reject their parents’ advices and warnings. They begin to learn from their own experience, make conclusions and analyze their first mistakes. It is very important for parents in this period to be supportive and patient. Children may slam door and refuse to do some things because they want to feel independence. Another important aspect of this is that parents are the first people who must warn their children about the danger of drugs and cigarettes and how to avoid and say ‘No’ when they need to. In the modern world parents must talk with their children about everything because it can save their life and make them happier. So, the role of parents is really important because it gives the strength and understanding the real world. In conclusion, I think that parents are the best teachers because they give their knowledge that can not be taken from books when it needs to be known by children. 4.Texnology Nowadays, technology plays an essential role in our modern life. A simple example of technology we can see is internet, many people can’t live without internet just a day. If you want t osearch information, you can use google tool, if you want to chat with your friends, your relatives, etc. you have yahoo messenger, etc. Technology can be applied in transportation. Without transportation, countries can’t develop. But as the result, people don’t want to change their life. So do changes make life better or easier ? Should people change their normal life ? I think that first of all, changes give you many new opportunities. For example, few years ago, I like to live in small town, but then I decided to move to a big city. At first, I felt hard to be familiar with this new environment but day by day, I recognized that big city gave me chance to meet many people, widen my relationships, work in a big company, and have good salary, etc. I think that first you can see changing is very hard and you have to do many things that you haven’t done before, but that’s a way you can improve yourselves. Second, changes maybe give you a new life, open a new world for you to discover. Many people think that they live in convenient world with updated technology so they don’t need anything else, they don’t need changes. But I think that it’s wrong opinion because technology has been developed by humans, it can’t be developed itself, if everybody just know how to use technology, satisfy with what they have thing world will never be better. Technology is just a tool for us to make life easier but if you just make some changes to your normal life, it will be better. My brother is an example. Just last year, he still worked all day with his computer because he was a computering engineer, he came home late at night after a tired working day and slept. But now, he changed. He has a good schedule of working and relaxing time. He works better because he doesn’t feel tired of working day by day without rest.. He has time to travel wherever he wants, meets many new friends, and just two weeks ago, a company invited him to be a manager, with very high salary. You see, just small changes can give you a new aspect of life. Last but not least, I think that changes can’t give you all better things, sometimes, it gives you many problems and abrupt things. For example, your relatives and your friends maybe can’t adapt to your sudden changes and react in bad way, your life becomes messy, etc. But I think that every thing has two aspects : positive and negative ones. We just need to believe in our decision and everything will be fine. Changes are just a way for us to improve our recognition to our life, our world; we can be more balancing when facing with abrupt problems. 5.Advantages & Disadvantages of Electronic Books  Electronic books, or e-books, are a relatively new development, and are far from realizing their vast potential for changing the way people read. Most of the advantages of electronic books, such as the fact that they save paper, will continue to offer benefits as the technology evolves. Many of the disadvantages, such as the lack of a unified platform for downloading content, will probably become less problematic as the industry develops. Environmental Advantages * Electronic books save trees. By downloading an electronic book rather than buying a hard copy of a book, you eliminate the need to print on paper. Even recycled paper uses more resources than an electronic book. In addition, electronic books save the energy and resources that it takes to print conventional books, as well as the fuel that is required to deliver them. Convenience Advantages * Electronic books offer a range of conveniences, which will continue to expand as the technology develops. Because the content of an e-book is delivered electronically to your device or computer, you can shop for e-books and receive them almost immediately, any time of the day or night. In addition, electronic books provide the convenience of having multiple books available at any given time, without the trouble of having to transport them. This is particularly advantageous when traveling: rather than carrying a suitcase full of books, you can carry a suitcase worth of titles on a single device. Availability Disadvantages * Many titles that are available in traditional print books are not yet available in an electronic book format. This problem is compounded by the fact that as of 2010, the electronic books on the market are manufactured and licensed by different companies, each of which has access to its own range of titles. Many mainstream best sellers are available in electronic format, but if you tend to read even slightly more exotic titles or academic literature, you will not be able to find much suitable material in e-book format at present. Technological Disadvantages * As of 2010, electronic books still present a variety of technological problems that need to be solved. Reading e-books can create eye strain because it is more difficult to read words on a computer screen than on a page. Devices made specifically for reading e-books present other issues. Some models do not come with replaceable batteries. As a result, you must replace the entire device when the battery dies. 6.the advantages of reading books

Sample Resume Nurse Manager Interview Essay - 935 Words

Nurse Manager Interview This semester, I had the chance of interviewing Susan Holley-Washer, nurse manger of 4 Northwest. This floor is a telemetry and step down unit at the Loma Linda Veteran Affairs Medical Center. During this time, I had the opportunity to ask many questions covering several topics. The topics discussed her perspective on interviewing potential employees, counseling employees, employee evaluations, orientation of new personnel, budgetary processes, manager roles in governance, determining staffing need, attendance of management meetings, and current unit projects. In the end, I was able to obtain valuable information about the functions of a nurse manager and information about my opportunities as a potential employee on this unit. My question discussed the interviewing process of potential employees. Holley-Washer answered by saying that it was a grid/panel-based interview process. She stated that this format helps her and others on the panel eliminate applicants that do not meet the requirements of the unit. However, she added that they do make exceptions to this process. The can intentionally pull applicants out of the grid system to interview personally in order to progress them through the interview process. There is also a point-based system when hiring: 5 points for being a veteran and 10 points if still enrolled in the service. The level of degree the applicant possesses also awards points and continuing education is important. Lastly, 6 extraShow MoreRelatedCulture6797 Words   |  28 Pageswork and conduct were good. We wish her success in her future endeavors. For Moolchand Medcity Suroshree Banerjee Manager – Human Resource Self-assessment of Summer Training by the student 1. Name of Student: Kavita Kumari 2. Name and address of Organization: Moolchand Medcity. 3. Guide from Organization: Preeti Malhotra – Junior Assistant Manager. 4. 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Conflict and Alienation in Kafkas Metamorphosis - 2651 Words

In Franz Kafkas novella, The Metamorphosis, the protagonist (Gregor Samsa), is engaged in a struggle against his oppressors, while at the same time he tries to accommodate the very social structure that is ruining his life. Gregors family is abusive, yet he constantly forgives them. He is truly altruisticÂâ€"he works like an animal in order to maintain his familys material comfort. His only dream is to send his beloved sister to the music Conservatory. Gregor is constantly hungry, but not for these things (Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis, hereafter known as KM). He longs for nourishment other than food, for an emotional sustenance derived from an active involvement with his family (Sweeney 152). Simultaneously, he rebels against†¦show more content†¦His sense of duty to his parents is the cause of his banal existence. He works not for himself, but so his family can maintain their comfortable existence. Gregor never seeks to rebel against this familial order. Before h is metamorphosis, his everyday animalistic routine barely distinguished him from vermin. When he is home, he sits... at the table.... studying train schedules (KM 8). Rules and systems dominate his lifeÂâ€"and he is profoundly unhappy and isolated. Gregors alienation corresponds with Marxs definition of the externalization of the worker under capitalism: ‘his work is external to the workers, i.e., it does not form part of his essential being so that instead of feeling well in his work, he feels unhappy, instead of developing his free physical and mental energy, he abuses his body and ruins his mind (Sokel 149). Gregor does not work for himself, he works to pay off his fathers debt. In turn, his father exploits him. When Gregor finds out that his father actually had money hidden away, he [nods] emphatically, delighted at this unexpected foresight and thrift (KM 21). 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Most authors’ use symbolism to relate the theme of their work, not Franz Kafka. He uses a writing method that voids all aspects and elements of the story that defy interpretation. In doing this, he leaves a simple story that stands only for an objective view for his own thoughts and dreams. Kafka focusesRead MoreFranz Kafka s The Metamorphosis Of My Existence1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Metamorphosis of Franz Kafka A picture of my existence... would show a useless wooden stake covered in snow... stuck loosely at a slant in the ground in a ploughed field on the edge of a vast open plain on a dark winter night†. — Franz Kafka The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung 1912), Franz Kafka’s best known short story, is a master work of incredible psychological, sociological and existential malaise. Although his points are simple and straightforward, this richly layered and textured

Ancient Rome Essay - 820 Words

The story of ancient Rome is a tale of how a small community of shepherds in the central Italy grew to become one of the greatest empires in history, and then collapsed. According to Roman legend. Rome was founded in 753 B.C. By 275 B.C., it controlled most of the Italian Peninsula. In the A.D. 100’s, the Roman Empire covered about half of Europe, much of the Middle East, and the northern coast of Africa. The empire then began to crumble, party because it was too big for Rome to govern. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The millions of people who lived in the Roman Empire spoke many languages and followed many different customs and religions. But the Roman Empire bound them together under a common system of law and government. The languages†¦show more content†¦At the heart of a Roman city laid the forum- a large open space surrounded by markets, government buildings and temples. Rich and poor gathered together in the bustling forum and at the baths, theaters, and arenas. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The earliest Romans believed that gods and goddesses had power over agriculture and all aspects of daily life. During the 300’s B.C., the Romans came info increasing contact with Greek ideas. They then began to worship Greek gods and goddesses. They gave them Roman names and built temples and shrines in their honor. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The government controlled the religion of ancient Rome. Priests were government officials, who were either elected or appointed to office. But by A.D. 100, many Romans had lost interest in their religion. They became attracted to the religions of the Middle East, which appealed strongly to the emotions. Christianity, one of the Middle Eastern religions, gained many followers. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Romans began their day at sunrise. Breakfast was usually a light meal of bread and cheese. Most Romans ate lunch just before midday. For wealthy Romans, it consisted of meat or fish and olives or fruit. Dinner, the main meal, began in the late afternoon so that it would end before sunset. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Wealthy Romans ate several courses at dinner. Their first course might include eggs, vegetables, and shellfish. TheShow MoreRelatedWomen in Ancient Rome1214 Words   |  5 Pagesmasks. In general, men kept most professions for themselves, relegating women to the home or the shop. Wealthier women could become priestesses, of whom the most important were the Vestal Virgins, who guarded the holy flame of the goddess Vesta in Rome. These were the only ones of all the priests and priestesses who were dedicated full-time to their work. The expected career of a Roman woman was to become a wife and mother, and to run the household. 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After taking over the former Greek Empire, the Romans assimilated many aspects of Greek culture into their own, including the Greek Architecture. The main attributions to Ancient Roman architecture are cement, the arch, the vault, the dome and centralized road systems. The RomanRead MoreA Day in Ancient Rome1415 Words   |  6 PagesIf I had to choose an ancient time or civilization to live in I would choose Rome. I would choose Rome because I find their lifestyle to be more down to earth then most other ancient civilizations, specifically the Greeks. Their artwork, building, and excellent military are major points of interest to me. Further, in examining what daily life would be like for me in that time I chose to research both the life of a patrician, or upper class man, and the life of a soldier. In the following paragraphsRead MoreEssay Ancient Rome1769 Words   |  8 Pages In this report about ancient Rome I will be talking about a lot of different things. 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The Role of Performance Management

Questioins: Task 1. Discuss about determinants of Effective Financial Risk Management in Small Business? Task 2. Discuss business cycle management and firm performance? Answers: Introduction: A hypotheitico- deductive model is a description of a scientific research model: the process of scientific research or enquiry being conducted on the basis of a formulated hypothesis. The term refers to the process of conducting an investigation of various scientific theories and/ or hypotheses in a systematic manner. Strictly speaking, the principal aim of the hypotheitico- deductive studies is to investigate and find out the answers to any set of any specific set of questions or to prove any hypothesis (Adler, 2010). Needles to say, the central goal of any hypothetico-deductive method is to find out a definitive answer to the research questions being considered, through the analysis of the hypothesis. The research must be conducted using a systematic process and series of predefined steps must be followed, along with the rigid consideration of a standard protocol or policy (Beke, 2010). However, it should also be kept in mind that the rules might vary significantly based on the dom ain of science in which the research is being conducted. It is important for managers to understand the importance of such research methodologies as the theories of scientific management that are being implemented in almost every industry across the word depend on the results of such research methods. The influence of scientific management can be perceived in the day to day activities of business operations like that of planning, cost accounting, quality control, process design, and/ or ergonomics. The knowledge of such theories provides the managers with the capability to understand the various policies and strategies involved in industrial management. The knowledge of quantitative analysis provides a tool for the measurement of the numbers and figures that can be utilized to measure the efficiency of various operations of the business. Comparative Study: In each and every hypothetico-deductive research approach, a review of literatures that depict the results of past researches must be conducted so as to gain an insight to those questions the answers for which has still not been found out. In course of preparing this research paper, three existing literatures have been reviewed, the details of which have been provided in the following section (Berman, 2005). Task 1: In the article titled as Determinants of Effective Financial Risk Management in Small Business: A Theoretical Framework, the researchers have developed a theoretical model that could be used to find out the factors that have the potential to increase the efficiency of the various strategies used to manage the financial risks involved in small businesses (Rahman, Yaacob Radzi, 2015). The research has been done using hypothetico-deductive methodologies, that is the authors have conducted their research based on certain hypothesis, and have aimed at finding materials that would provide a proof of the hypothesis to be true. Variable used in the research: The various potential factors that have an immense influence on the financial risks experienced by small sized business include the type of leadership prevalent in the business, the types and extent of training programs that are being made available to the employees, the technology being used in the business houses, the nature of the entrepreneurship and the accounting systems used in the organization (Box Platts, 2005). The factors that have been discussed and elaborated in this article have been defined based on various already existing article and literature that were reviewed for conducting the research. However, in this context, some cases studies of successful implementation of risk management processes in small scaled businesses of Malaysia has also been considered, since Asian countries are renowned for the very fact implementation of management strategies. The authors are of the opinion that, since in small scaled businesses the financial constraints are managed by the owners themselves, these owners should also have the sufficient leadership qualities required for managing the organizations amidst the various financial risks and/ or constraints ('Fraud Risk Management', 2015). The authors also emphasize on the provision of a good training program to the employees and to the management, as the transfer of knowledge among them and the development of the necessary skill set would only be beneficial to effectively managing the business, thus ensuring success of the business houses (Garvare Johansson, 2010). The researches have emphasized on the incorporation of information technology in various sectors of the small scaled businesses in order to manage the finances of their business. According to the articles reviewed by the authors, about 30 percent of the small scaled business houses of Malaysia use various their own websites in order to draw the attention of their customers, besides using various other software tools that facilitate the management process. Last but not the least, the authors solicitate for such an orientation of the entrepreneurship that would allow the owners to take risks, implement innovative ideas and act in a proactive manner while expanding the domain of their business. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework thus developed by the authors suggests the incorporation of the following potential factors to efficiently manage the financial risks associated with the small scaled industries: Leadership qualities of the owners(Holman, 2005). Provision of quality training to both the employees and the employers. The incorporation of IT based tools to keep in pace with the recent technological developments(Pratoom, 2010). A change in the orientation of the entrepreneurship. Source: Rahman, Yaacob, Radzi,. (2015). Determinants of Effective Financial Risk Management in Small Business: A Theoretical Framework. Information Management And Business Review, 7(2,), 87-92. Task 2: In the article titled as Business cycle management and firm performance: Tying the empirical knot, the authors to have tried to provide an empirical support to the idea that the difference between the firms that have high levels of performance with those having a lower performance level is the incorporation of the practices and strategies of business cycle management or the BCM (Navarro Bromiley, 2015). The self exploratory research focuses on the relationship between the performance of a business firm and the various business cycle management theories that have been implemented in the firm. The authors have reviewed a wide range of already existing literature for conducting the study and have defined the potential factors based on the experimental findings mentioned in those research papers. The authors have also gathered data from the various case studies and analyses that are widely available in this domain. The empirical analysis of data has been based on the data about sample pairs of business houses having high and low performance levels, as collected from the SP 500. The initial explanation provided by the authors is based on the updated version of the standard behavioral theory as implemented by various firms or the BTOF (Steensen, 2010). The theory of BTOF is based on the assumption that most of firms operate using activities which include various parameters and that these parameters are adjusted time to time based on the feedbacks that the firms get from the market. As for example, an organization that experiences frequent shortages in their inventory might actually have to change the routine and activities that it follows in order to procure its raw materials, such that a high level of stock can be maintained. The authors are of the opinion that instead of adapting BTOF models, which provide slow and misleading conclusions most of the time, the firm should implement behavioral theory routines that would them to manage the business cycles in a proactive manner. The firm can actually search for problem sectors at first, within a BTOF models, and then research for routines that could be used to provide better routine performances. In order to implement a proactive model of the behavioral theory, it is suggested by the authors to put emphasis on the following sectors of the operation of the business firm: Supply dimension Capital dimension and Demand dimension. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework thus developed by the research article connects the performance level of any organization with the following domains of operational activities: Supply dimension Capital dimension and Demand dimension. However, since all these operational activities include a wide range of activities, the authors have pointed out the very basic operations that should be targeted in order to increase the level of performance of an organization, the activities being mentioned in the following sections: Supply dimension: staffing, production and inventory and supply chain management. Capital dimension: debit and credit accounts, capital expenditures, capital financing and acquisitions (WANG, 2010). Demand dimension: pricing, advertising and product mixing. Source: Navarro, Bromiley,. (2015). Business cycle management and firm performance: Tying the empirical knot.JSMA. Conclusion: In both the articles, the authors used various primary and secondary data so as to prove the hypothesis they had formulated. The data collected from the already existing literature have been helpful in the process of analysis: which in turn have helped in the process of deriving conclusion and formulating the conceptual research framework. Both the research groups have also refereed to various case studies and analyses in the domains of their study. The analysis of the case study have provided them with a much better insight into business management domains in which the researches were being conducted. However, while the first article provided results based on the secondary researches only, the authors of the second article have incorporated the data found through secondary research into some pre-existing business management theories. However, the rule that has been pointed out by these research papers is that a wide range of literature must be surveyed before any research work so as to gain a clear idea of research questions which should be answered. References: Adler, R. (2010). Enhancing business success: The role of performance management. Business Horizons, 53(4), 331-333. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2010.02.001 Beke, J. (2010). Business and Management Aspects of International Accounting Standardization. IJBM, 5(12). doi:10.5539/ijbm.v5n12p23 Berman, B. (2005). Applying yield management pricing to your service business. Business Horizons, 48(2), 169-179. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2004.10.015 Box, S., Platts, K. (2005). Business process management: establishing and maintaining project alignment. Business Process Mgmt Journal, 11(4), 370-387. doi:10.1108/14637150510609408 Fraud Risk Management. (2015). Journal Of Business Management Economics. doi:10.15520/jbme.2015.vol3.iss2.13.pp14-19 Garvare, R., Johansson, P. (2010). Management for sustainability A stakeholder theory. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 21(7), 737-744. doi:10.1080/14783363.2010.483095 Holman, D. (2005). Book Review: Business Research Methods. Management Learning, 36(2), 266-268. doi:10.1177/135050760503600209 Navarro, Bromiley,. (2015). Business cycle management and firm performance: Tying the empirical knot. JSMA. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/1755-425X.htm Pratoom, K. (2010). Validating the Reputation Quotient Scale: Human Resource Management Perspective. International Business Management, 4(4), 243-249. doi:10.3923/ibm.2010.243.249 Rahman, Yaacob, Radzi,. (2015). Determinants of Effective Financial Risk Management in Small Business: A Theoretical Framework. Information Management And Business Review, 7(2,), 87-92. Steensen, E. (2010). Quality performance excellence: Management, organization and strategy. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 21(10), 1057-1057. doi:10.1080/14783360903332387 WANG, W. (2010). Comparison Research of IPO Pricing Model. Management Engineering, 74-77. doi:10.5503/j.me.2010.01.013

Present and Future Value free essay sample

?Present and Future Value HCA 270 Calculate the future value of the following: * $5,000 compounded annually at 6% for 5 years? $6,691. 13? * $5,000 compounded semiannually at 6% for 5 years? $6719. 58? * $5,000 compounded quarterly at 6% for 5 years $6734. 28 * $5,000 compounded annually at 6% for 6 years? $7092. 60? Answer the following: The conclusion that can be drawn about the frequency of compounding interest is that the more frequency the better. The conclusion that can be drawn about the length of time an amount is compounding is the same the more or longer the better. It just keeps adding up. Calculate the present value of the following: * $7,000 in 5 years at an annual discount rate of 6% $5230. 81 * $7,000 in 5 years at a semiannual discount rate of 6% $5208. 66 * $7,000 in 5 years at a quarterly discount rate of 6% $5197. 30 * $7,000 in 6 years at an annual discount rate of 6% $4934. 73 Answer the following: The conclusion that can be drawn about the frequency of the discounting interval is that the more frequent discounting interval more money that is lost. The conclusion that can be drawn about the length of time until the receipt of that value is the same a loss. We will write a custom essay sample on Present and Future Value or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Answer the following: I would chose contract A because they are both paying the same amount for the same amount of time and have the same discount rate. If the money is left in a little longer it might build up more. So I would wait another year to receive the money and let it build. Assume you have a choice between two annuity contracts.