Needs Assessment of Public Sector Organisation

Needs Assessment of Public Sector Organisation Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction. 1 2. The needs assessment to be carried out. 1 3. The Context. 1 4. Why a needs assessment would be useful. 1 5. The Needs Assessment Plan. 1 a. Process Outline. 1 b. Data Collection. 2 c. Data Analysis. 2 6. Plan for Evaluation. 3 7. Ethical considerations. 3 Bibliography. 3 Appendices. 3 1.Introduction. A needs assessment is a systematic approach used to identify the gaps in the current position, the factors that affect the performance and the changes needed to get it to the desired position. To achieve this there needs to be a clear and thorough understanding of the people who will be involved with the system or product, the activities involved and the goal of the system. The people who are involved or the stakeholders may have differing needs and this along with any unforeseen requirements or gaps should be captured in the assessment. There are three phases to the needs assessment process, the first phase is to make a plan, second phase is to gather and analyse data, and third phase is identify solutions and report back. 2.The needs assessment to be carried out. To develop a suitable IT system to capture, track and trace all stages and aspects of projects, from proposal to completion. With clear indications of where and how these link into the strategic and workplans and ability to provide a clear audit trails of all stages, documents, sign offs and authorisations relating to the proposal. 3.The Context. This is for a public sector organisation with over 50% of its budget being spent on projects. The projects mainly consists of research work which are outsourced using tendering processes. The current process is very disjointed, with different software being used depending on the stage, department and personnel preferences. There appears to be incomplete document audit trails. The current system has been in operation for a long number of years. The system needs to be able to provide information to various stakeholders about the current state of play of the project. Relevant information needs to be captured from multiple sources including the financial system. The system needs to comply with statutory regulations, corporate governance, public sector and EU guidelines and directives, and have suitable constraints to protect confidentiality and commercially sensitive information. 4.Why a needs assessment would be useful. There appears to be gaps in the processing of information and possible lack of guidance on the steps or next steps to be followed. A needs assessment would collect information about the stakeholders, target group or groups. It would establish what needs are being met, resources that currently exist and determine what needs are not being met. Following analysis of this information a proposed system plan will be furnished within the agreed timeframe. 5.The Needs Assessment Plan. a.Process Outline. The first step is to study and become familiar with the agreed terms of reference as set out by management. This will define the objective, scope, and limitations of the needs assessment. It will establish the lead person and contacts within the organisation, the resource requirements, expected costs and time frame for completion. This along with familiarisation of the mission statement, strategic plan, organisation chart, workflow chart and infrastructure of the organisation will help develop an understanding or concept of the organisations needs. Assessing the capabilities of the current system and gaining a clear understanding of the future needs of the system requires a comprehensive analysis. This analysis will be both qualitative and quantitative. This data gathering process will consisting of workshops, focus groups, interviews, and system observation. These methods will be used to produce information to analyse options and design the best possible system given the available resources. The organisation is relatively small and is divided into six departments headed up by a Senior Manager. A stratified random sampling method will be used to focus on identifying stakeholder needs, and involve all stakeholder groups and get the views of all the right people. a.Data Collection. Workshop. Initially a workshop will be held with the objective of getting senior managers to articulate a vision of the ideal system. This exercise will be a half-day facilitated by a consultant. It will attempt to succinctly define the scope of the system, the long-term functionality that the system is expected to have, and the major issues that the existing or new system must address. Security requirements, risk assessments, online approval processes and reporting requirements will be identified. Focus Group. Following on from the workshop a focus group consisting of at least two section managers, two project managers and two clerical / administrative staff from each department will be convened. It is expected that this will take a half day but may require a full day. The focus group will be led by a trained facilitator. This group is selected to provide a representative group of users of the system. It will provide an opportunity to identify, difficulties, gaps, expectations and establish what is working with the current system and what they feel is needed to meet the objectives identified in the workshop. Whether the difficulties experienced are due to obsolete technology or ineffective policies and procedures. The focus group will also provide an opportunity for this group identify missing or needed functions. Interviews. A number of stakeholders will be interviewed as part of the process to gain further insight public sector tendering and procurement processes and thresholds. Board approval processes along with relevant EU guidelines and directives. These will be semi structured interviews with stakeholders who may not have direct or regular contact with the system such as the Audit committee chairman, Comptroller and Auditor Generals officer, IT and Finance Managers. System observation. In order to gain further insight into the context, tasks, goals and to fill in the gaps it may be necessary to observe directly how specific tasks are preformed currently. It will involve selecting random proposed projects and following all stages from start to finish taking samples and examples of reports produced, authorisation requirements, technology used, time taken for specific tasks, and difficulties encountered. This step may require the use of video and photography. c.Data Analysis The data will be analysed using a grounded theory approach. This will incorporate both the qualitative (e.g. themes, patterns, quotes, pictures, descriptions etc.) and quantitative data (e.g. number of projects, number of people involved in projects, budgets, time taken to perform tasks, number of software packages etc.) . The data will be extracted in a systematic way to develop a conceptual model of the system required. This will be an iterative process. The data extracted from the workshops will be transcribed first, read, coded using an axial coding system. This is a two-step hierarchically process that will divide the data into major categories and subcategories. This will identify the critical objectives, work flows, interactions and communications. This will form the basis for guiding the focus groups and interviews. Following further analysis of these in a similar fashion the data will be assimilated. Essential Use cases will be compiled to capture what the new system is expected to do. 6.Plan for evaluation. Once needs and requirements have been established the results from the data analysis will be presented in a report and charts summarizing the findings and an outline of a conceptual model of the system. Initially a low fidelity prototype will be produced. This will allow the stakeholders to evaluate the product and allow for redesign. It is expected that this will be an iterative process until a suitable product is. 7.Ethical Issues It is important that the rights and dignity of participant in the assessment are protected. Participant are to be fully informed about the assessment being conducted and the purpose of the assessment. It is important to encourage staff to participate in this assessment but they must do so willingly. All participants should be encouraged to speak freely without fear of being penalised. They may withdraw at any time or refuse to participate in any part. The confidentiality of all participants will be protected and they will not be identified in any reports or published documents. Bibliography. Cairns, P. Cox, A.L. (ed). (2008). Research methods for human-computer interaction. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press. [Accessed online 20/1/2017] Preece, J., Rogers, Y., Sharp, H. 2016. Interaction design: beyond human-computer Interaction. 4th ed. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Ltd.

Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer Essay -- essays

Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This year 203,000 women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer, and 40,000 of them are expected to die. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women the ages of 35-54. There are numerous ways breast cancer can be treated if found early. The key to treating breast cancer is early detection, beast self-exams, and early mammograms. One out of every eight women will get diagnosed with Breast Cancer this year; therefore, new advanced technology of the treatment of Breast Cancer is the key to life after the disease. There is a lot of information that has to be known about breast cancer in order to do something about the disease such as what breast cancer is, the history and some risk factors.Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts from cells of the breast. Breast cancer is found mostly in women, but men can get breast cancer. Being a women and getting older, put women at higher risk of getting diagnosed with breast cancer. As women get older their risk continues. Many factors that contribute to the risk of breast cancer, such as the history of breast cancer in your family, or close relatives. â€Å"Researchers are investigating genes that may be related to breast cancer, and they are examining whether smoking or estrogen levels influence that incidence of the disease† (N.W hospital 1). However, some women who have one or more risk factors may not get diagnosed with breast cancer, but most women who don’t have any risk factors get diagnosed with the disease. Today there are many risks that go along with Breast Cancer,some can not be changed but some can be stoped. One risk factor that cannot be changed is gender, women are at higher risk for breast cancer then men are. Age is also a factor that cannot be controlled, because the chance of breast cancer goes up, as women get older. Furthermore genetic risk factors cannot be changed. â€Å"About one case of breast cancer in ten is linked to changes (mutation) in certain genes† (Illinois Department 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early detection is the key to life after Breast Cancer. Effects that help to early detection goes as the fallowing; Yearly mammograms, Clinical Examinations, and checking yourself monthly. â€Å"Mammograms are a specific type of imaging that uses a low-dose x-ray system a... ...y is the most common form of drug treatment. â€Å"Chemotherapy uses different kinds of drugs that can kill cancer cells† (NW Hospital). Chemotherapy can also kill cancer that has spread throughout the body as well. Again there are some advantages and disadvantages. When the surgery is over the person will be as a smaller risk of the cancer returning. Disadvantages include disruption of the menstrual cycle in women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Learning that one is infected with breast caner is traumatizing and can cause depression. Women who are diagnosed must remember and understand that they are not alone in the struggle with their disease. Many women today aren’t aware of what breast cancer really is and how it works. Hopefully after this paper women will become more aware of this cancer and want to be more involved. Breast cancer works in mysterious ways, from finding out you have breast cancer, and the people who are at risk, to early detection and then later the advanced technologies of the treatment to the disease. Breast cancer is a very serious disease but if there is early detection, there can and will be life after Breast Cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer Essay -- essays Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This year 203,000 women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer, and 40,000 of them are expected to die. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women the ages of 35-54. There are numerous ways breast cancer can be treated if found early. The key to treating breast cancer is early detection, beast self-exams, and early mammograms. One out of every eight women will get diagnosed with Breast Cancer this year; therefore, new advanced technology of the treatment of Breast Cancer is the key to life after the disease. There is a lot of information that has to be known about breast cancer in order to do something about the disease such as what breast cancer is, the history and some risk factors.Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts from cells of the breast. Breast cancer is found mostly in women, but men can get breast cancer. Being a women and getting older, put women at higher risk of getting diagnosed with breast cancer. As women get older their risk continues. Many factors that contribute to the risk of breast cancer, such as the history of breast cancer in your family, or close relatives. â€Å"Researchers are investigating genes that may be related to breast cancer, and they are examining whether smoking or estrogen levels influence that incidence of the disease† (N.W hospital 1). However, some women who have one or more risk factors may not get diagnosed with breast cancer, but most women who don’t have any risk factors get diagnosed with the disease. Today there are many risks that go along with Breast Cancer,some can not be changed but some can be stoped. One risk factor that cannot be changed is gender, women are at higher risk for breast cancer then men are. Age is also a factor that cannot be controlled, because the chance of breast cancer goes up, as women get older. Furthermore genetic risk factors cannot be changed. â€Å"About one case of breast cancer in ten is linked to changes (mutation) in certain genes† (Illinois Department 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early detection is the key to life after Breast Cancer. Effects that help to early detection goes as the fallowing; Yearly mammograms, Clinical Examinations, and checking yourself monthly. â€Å"Mammograms are a specific type of imaging that uses a low-dose x-ray system a... ...y is the most common form of drug treatment. â€Å"Chemotherapy uses different kinds of drugs that can kill cancer cells† (NW Hospital). Chemotherapy can also kill cancer that has spread throughout the body as well. Again there are some advantages and disadvantages. When the surgery is over the person will be as a smaller risk of the cancer returning. Disadvantages include disruption of the menstrual cycle in women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Learning that one is infected with breast caner is traumatizing and can cause depression. Women who are diagnosed must remember and understand that they are not alone in the struggle with their disease. Many women today aren’t aware of what breast cancer really is and how it works. Hopefully after this paper women will become more aware of this cancer and want to be more involved. Breast cancer works in mysterious ways, from finding out you have breast cancer, and the people who are at risk, to early detection and then later the advanced technologies of the treatment to the disease. Breast cancer is a very serious disease but if there is early detection, there can and will be life after Breast Cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Health: Exercise and Life Essay

1.English language in my life. Nowadays English is the international language of human speech, either spoken or written all over the world. Language itself is the most common system of communication which allows people to talk to each other and to write their thoughts and ideas. And it is the only one reason why English is important in our life. It means that there are a lot of other reasons. Firstly,learning a foreign language increases your range of communication. For example, if you speak only English, you can communicate with over 400 million other persons. If you also learn Spanish, you could speak to any of the 297 million Spanish-speaking people in Latin America, Spain, and other parts of the world. Secondly,by learning another language, you get knowledge of the customs and ways of life of their nations. While learning French, you find out how French people live, behave, and think. And finally,a foreign language can help and add to your knowledge of your own language. For example, by studying Latin, you can improve your understanding of the thousands of English words that have their roots in Latin. So, I think that if a person have reasons to learn English he can learn it everywhere. And there are some often used ways how to do it. Firstly, you can learn English at school, where teachers can help you with your pronunciation skills . Secondly, you can learn it by travelling and speaking with native people of this language. For example, you can visit the UK or The USA where all people speak English. And finally, It seems to me that it will be good to attend special cources, at which you can deepen your knowledge at this language. But also, also you can learn English at home. And there are several ways how to do it very effectively Firstly, you can use tape recorders, which permit students to listen, repeat, erase their own repetition and then try again. Secondly,I think that videotape can realy helps in studying language because it lets students watch their mouth movements. And finally It seems to that computers can halp to study English because it can correct student’s translation of words and phrases on a video display screen. So, these language study aids provide not only instruction and practice, but also self-instruction, because they can be used without a teacher. As for me I learn English at school. I have 5 different classes and 3 teachers of English. The first is homereading were we read a lot, retell and analyse different texts. The second is Country Stusying where we learn the history of Great Britain and the USA. The third is Grammer where the teacher teaches us the Grammer of the English language. The forth is writing where we study how to write letters to our penfriends. And the last one is Practice of English. I think that tt is very interesting class because there I try to express my own opinion about different things. It seems to me that all these lessons are very important because they can help me to deepen my knowledge of English. So, English plays an improtant role in my life not only because that it can help to communicate with people from other countries but also because it can help to know more about other cultures, traditions and habits. 2.health is the best than wealth â€Å"Health is wealth† and Health is better than wealth† are well-known and oft repeated sayings. These underline a vital fact of life. Without good health nothing is of much use. If any sensible person is asked what he would prefer, health or wealth. He would immediately answer ‘health’. Without good health and physical fitness life would become a burden and a tasteless thing. Those who are sick, ill or weak in health are found dejected, nervous, hopeless and without any zest for life and its activities. He who has health and a fit body has hope, inspiration and so everything in fife. Health goes far, even farther than wealth and any other thing in life. It is a sure key to success. Without physical fitness and good health nothing good or substantial can be achieved. Only the healthy citizens, and men and women make a healthy and happy nation. Only healthy people can work hopefully, steadily, constantly and at people can work hopefully, steadily, constantly and at their best, to achieve better and better results. Again, it is only a healthy man or woman who can desire and strive for perfection. Weak men can never make good citizens, leaders, businessmen, soldiers or a brave people. Healthy minds reside in healthy bodies. Men and women indifferent to their health cannot either be intelligent or make good artists, poets, public servants and useful members of the society. Most of the great and successful men and women owe their success to their outdoor physical activities, playing habits and exercise in their youth. Their athletic habits, cultivated in their youth, always stood them in good stead later in life. Consequently, they always possessed sound health and mind, leading them to the crowning glory. Their mental vigor, exuberance of thoughts, vivacity and enthusiasm for work came from their robust health, and physical fitness, which they obtained through regular exercise, game and sports, long walks, swimming, horse-riding, yogic postures and such other activities. The way to health, happiness and success lies through physical work, exercise and animal robustness. Therefore, look to your health, if you have it; praise your luck and stars. If you do not have it, then ponder we over your life-style and try to develop athletic habits. Go to your garden, grasp a spade and engage yourself in digging or wood-cutting. Run a mile early in the morning, play some game like football, volley ball or badminton, and you will soon regain your health and energy. And these in their turn will fill your life with a new hope and meaningfulness. Every man and woman should undertake some physical work or exercise regularly. It is the sound body that brings sound mind with it. It was in the playgrounds of Eton school that the battle of Waterloo was actually won and Napoleon defeated. The toughness acquired in the school playground was turned to good account in the battlefield. It is such physical activities as wrestling, boating, cricketing, sporting, and playing games and exercise which promote national health and strength. The player or a sports-prison who would win races honorably must have an honorable and successful career. To do one’s work cheerfully and well. Every man and woman should possess a good constitution, and this can be got only by daily exercise in the open air. Physical education should be an integral part of education and training in our schools, colleges and universities. Physical fitness is a must for everybody. It is in the very young age that athletic habits and. love for physical work and exercise should be developed. The best time to have physical exercise is early in the morning and late in the evening. It is heartening to note that yogic exercises, postures etc., have been introduced in our schools and colleges. Through yogic exercises we can develop both our minds and bodies. These exercises are very scientific and time- tested and goes a long way in facing and eliminating stresses, tensions and worries of modern materialistic life. Yoga, the oldest science of life, teaches us how to work, rest, relax and breathe to maintain good health and mental capacities. Yogic asana and postures help us lubricate the body-machine, keep the muscles and joints running smoothly, tone all the internal organs and increase blood circulation without causing any fatigue. Our body is like a perfect and subtle machine that needs proper maintenance, care and running. Anyone can practice Yoga and maintain his health and peace of mind. People who do not take regular exercise or do Yogic postures easily fall sick. Many of our modern diseases like obesity, diabetes, blood-pressure, mental tension, rheumatism, piles etc., have their roots in our lethargy, comfortable living, ease and convenience of life. They can be very easily checked and eliminated by taking daily physical exercise. Lethargy and inactivity, coupled with easy living, make our body an easy victim of diseases. From the very young age the boys and girls should be properly trained in physical fitness and exercises. They should be helped to cultivate and develop athletic habits. It may be repeated once again that physical fitness is imperative and should not be neglected. It is high time that we pay more attention and use greater resources to develop and promote national physical standards. We should create a harmonious atmosphere where the body is given no less importance than the mind, because without physical powers there cannot be any mental power. Physical exercise, taken regularly, works like a wonderful tonic both for mind and body. But there should be moderation and there should not be too much of it. Neglect of exercise is as bad and injurious as the overdose of it. 3.Parents are the best teachers.. Obviously, the first teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents. They teach us to speak, walk, ride a bike, behave ourselves etc. From my everyday experience and observation I can totally agree with the statement that parents are the best teachers. In the following paragraphs I will try to support my answer with some reasons and examples. First of all, I would say that parents are our very first teachers. They with great patience pass down the essential knowledge that we need in order to join ‘the real world’. Children often copy their parents’ habits and traits because children are sure that parents do only right things. Often children’s first wish is to be like their mother of father. Parents are the best teachers because they wish their children to be successful and they do not teach them bad things. However, in order to succeed in today’s world children need more than just to know good manners and be able to read and write. They need real teachers who would teach them logic, mathematics, literature, foreign language, management etc. Moreover, they need to communicate with the children of the same age. Adolescence is a period when children learn more from their friends then from their parents. At this age many young people reject their parents’ advices and warnings. They begin to learn from their own experience, make conclusions and analyze their first mistakes. It is very important for parents in this period to be supportive and patient. Children may slam door and refuse to do some things because they want to feel independence. Another important aspect of this is that parents are the first people who must warn their children about the danger of drugs and cigarettes and how to avoid and say ‘No’ when they need to. In the modern world parents must talk with their children about everything because it can save their life and make them happier. So, the role of parents is really important because it gives the strength and understanding the real world. In conclusion, I think that parents are the best teachers because they give their knowledge that can not be taken from books when it needs to be known by children. 4.Texnology Nowadays, technology plays an essential role in our modern life. A simple example of technology we can see is internet, many people can’t live without internet just a day. If you want t osearch information, you can use google tool, if you want to chat with your friends, your relatives, etc. you have yahoo messenger, etc. Technology can be applied in transportation. Without transportation, countries can’t develop. But as the result, people don’t want to change their life. So do changes make life better or easier ? Should people change their normal life ? I think that first of all, changes give you many new opportunities. For example, few years ago, I like to live in small town, but then I decided to move to a big city. At first, I felt hard to be familiar with this new environment but day by day, I recognized that big city gave me chance to meet many people, widen my relationships, work in a big company, and have good salary, etc. I think that first you can see changing is very hard and you have to do many things that you haven’t done before, but that’s a way you can improve yourselves. Second, changes maybe give you a new life, open a new world for you to discover. Many people think that they live in convenient world with updated technology so they don’t need anything else, they don’t need changes. But I think that it’s wrong opinion because technology has been developed by humans, it can’t be developed itself, if everybody just know how to use technology, satisfy with what they have thing world will never be better. Technology is just a tool for us to make life easier but if you just make some changes to your normal life, it will be better. My brother is an example. Just last year, he still worked all day with his computer because he was a computering engineer, he came home late at night after a tired working day and slept. But now, he changed. He has a good schedule of working and relaxing time. He works better because he doesn’t feel tired of working day by day without rest.. He has time to travel wherever he wants, meets many new friends, and just two weeks ago, a company invited him to be a manager, with very high salary. You see, just small changes can give you a new aspect of life. Last but not least, I think that changes can’t give you all better things, sometimes, it gives you many problems and abrupt things. For example, your relatives and your friends maybe can’t adapt to your sudden changes and react in bad way, your life becomes messy, etc. But I think that every thing has two aspects : positive and negative ones. We just need to believe in our decision and everything will be fine. Changes are just a way for us to improve our recognition to our life, our world; we can be more balancing when facing with abrupt problems. 5.Advantages & Disadvantages of Electronic Books  Electronic books, or e-books, are a relatively new development, and are far from realizing their vast potential for changing the way people read. Most of the advantages of electronic books, such as the fact that they save paper, will continue to offer benefits as the technology evolves. Many of the disadvantages, such as the lack of a unified platform for downloading content, will probably become less problematic as the industry develops. Environmental Advantages * Electronic books save trees. By downloading an electronic book rather than buying a hard copy of a book, you eliminate the need to print on paper. Even recycled paper uses more resources than an electronic book. In addition, electronic books save the energy and resources that it takes to print conventional books, as well as the fuel that is required to deliver them. Convenience Advantages * Electronic books offer a range of conveniences, which will continue to expand as the technology develops. Because the content of an e-book is delivered electronically to your device or computer, you can shop for e-books and receive them almost immediately, any time of the day or night. In addition, electronic books provide the convenience of having multiple books available at any given time, without the trouble of having to transport them. This is particularly advantageous when traveling: rather than carrying a suitcase full of books, you can carry a suitcase worth of titles on a single device. Availability Disadvantages * Many titles that are available in traditional print books are not yet available in an electronic book format. This problem is compounded by the fact that as of 2010, the electronic books on the market are manufactured and licensed by different companies, each of which has access to its own range of titles. Many mainstream best sellers are available in electronic format, but if you tend to read even slightly more exotic titles or academic literature, you will not be able to find much suitable material in e-book format at present. Technological Disadvantages * As of 2010, electronic books still present a variety of technological problems that need to be solved. Reading e-books can create eye strain because it is more difficult to read words on a computer screen than on a page. Devices made specifically for reading e-books present other issues. Some models do not come with replaceable batteries. As a result, you must replace the entire device when the battery dies. 6.the advantages of reading books

Sample Resume Nurse Manager Interview Essay - 935 Words

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She stated that this format helps her and others on the panel eliminate applicants that do not meet the requirements of the unit. However, she added that they do make exceptions to this process. The can intentionally pull applicants out of the grid system to interview personally in order to progress them through the interview process. There is also a point-based system when hiring: 5 points for being a veteran and 10 points if still enrolled in the service. The level of degree the applicant possesses also awards points and continuing education is important. Lastly, 6 extraShow MoreRelatedCulture6797 Words   |  28 Pageswork and conduct were good. We wish her success in her future endeavors. For Moolchand Medcity Suroshree Banerjee Manager – Human Resource Self-assessment of Summer Training by the student 1. Name of Student: Kavita Kumari 2. Name and address of Organization: Moolchand Medcity. 3. Guide from Organization: Preeti Malhotra – Junior Assistant Manager. 4. 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I thought I could borrow it, but I could not. During the time I was trying to come up with the money, I wrote a check from my Bank B account to cover the rent check and put it into

Conflict and Alienation in Kafkas Metamorphosis - 2651 Words

In Franz Kafkas novella, The Metamorphosis, the protagonist (Gregor Samsa), is engaged in a struggle against his oppressors, while at the same time he tries to accommodate the very social structure that is ruining his life. Gregors family is abusive, yet he constantly forgives them. He is truly altruisticÂâ€"he works like an animal in order to maintain his familys material comfort. His only dream is to send his beloved sister to the music Conservatory. Gregor is constantly hungry, but not for these things (Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis, hereafter known as KM). He longs for nourishment other than food, for an emotional sustenance derived from an active involvement with his family (Sweeney 152). Simultaneously, he rebels against†¦show more content†¦His sense of duty to his parents is the cause of his banal existence. He works not for himself, but so his family can maintain their comfortable existence. Gregor never seeks to rebel against this familial order. Before h is metamorphosis, his everyday animalistic routine barely distinguished him from vermin. When he is home, he sits... at the table.... studying train schedules (KM 8). Rules and systems dominate his lifeÂâ€"and he is profoundly unhappy and isolated. Gregors alienation corresponds with Marxs definition of the externalization of the worker under capitalism: ‘his work is external to the workers, i.e., it does not form part of his essential being so that instead of feeling well in his work, he feels unhappy, instead of developing his free physical and mental energy, he abuses his body and ruins his mind (Sokel 149). Gregor does not work for himself, he works to pay off his fathers debt. In turn, his father exploits him. When Gregor finds out that his father actually had money hidden away, he [nods] emphatically, delighted at this unexpected foresight and thrift (KM 21). He, however does realize that [o]f course he actually could have paid off more of his fathers debt to the boss with this extra money, and the day on which he could have gotten rid of his job would have been much closer, but now things were undoubtedly better the way his fatherShow MoreRelatedThe Existential Isolation And Biopsychological Change1519 Words   |  7 Pagesin The Metamorphosis and â€Å"Letter to my Father† by Franz Kafka and Unwelcome Visitors† by Tessa Farmer This literary and art analysis will define the correlation between the writings of Kafka and the installation art of Tessa Farmer’s in relation to the themes of existential isolation and biopsychological change. Gregor’s anxiety in The Metamorphosis is partially due to the alienation of society, which cases an existential period of isolation in which he transforms into a bug. 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The use of modernism in Kafka’s writing was a reflection of the characteristic shift from the beauty and innocence of romanticism to the cold harsh reality of life after World War I. Kafka’s lifelong alienation intersects with his work where he draws on his personalRead MoreEssay on The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka1973 Words   |  8 Pagestrigger depressive symptoms. Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, begins when Gregor has awakened from his disturbed dream as a dung beetle. Gregor, the main character and Kafka himself, experienced insecure behavior, alienation and depression in their relationships. For Gregor, these symptoms had a tremendous effect on his self-concept: it led to a depressive and desolate end. Kafka’s misery in his real life was reflected in the Gregor‘s transformation. 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A lot of influences affect the dynamics between family members such as traditions, communication styles, behavioral patterns and emotional interdependence. In Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis relates to how humans and theirRead MoreUnsettling Dreams: an Analysis of the Metamorphosis1042 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Metamorphosis Through his essay â€Å"Competing Theories of Identity in The Metamorphosis†, Kevin W. Sweeny explores three different concepts of identity that are brought to light in Franz Kafka’s novella The Metamorphosis. While our social role and conscious mind help establish our character, ultimately our material body determines how we identify, to ourselves and the general public. Through The Metamorphosis, Kafka explores how losing control of the body can conflict the mind, and decimateRead MoreFranz Kafkas Novella, The Metamorphosis Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the saddest aspects of Franz Kafkas novella, The Metamorphosis, concerns the fact that young Gregor Samsa genuinely cares about this family, working hard to support them, even though they do little for themselves. On the surface, Kafkas 1916 novella, seems to be just a tale of Gregor morphing into a cockroach, but, a closer reading with Marx and Engels economic theories in mind, reveals an imposing metaphor that gives the improbable story a great deal of relevance to the structure of Read More Comparing Franz Kafka and Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesSimilarities between Franz Kafka and Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis It is unusual to say the least to open a book and the first line is about the main character waking up as a large insect. Most authors’ use symbolism to relate the theme of their work, not Franz Kafka. He uses a writing method that voids all aspects and elements of the story that defy interpretation. In doing this, he leaves a simple story that stands only for an objective view for his own thoughts and dreams. Kafka focusesRead MoreFranz Kafka s The Metamorphosis Of My Existence1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Metamorphosis of Franz Kafka A picture of my existence... would show a useless wooden stake covered in snow... stuck loosely at a slant in the ground in a ploughed field on the edge of a vast open plain on a dark winter night†. — Franz Kafka The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung 1912), Franz Kafka’s best known short story, is a master work of incredible psychological, sociological and existential malaise. Although his points are simple and straightforward, this richly layered and textured

Ancient Rome Essay - 820 Words

The story of ancient Rome is a tale of how a small community of shepherds in the central Italy grew to become one of the greatest empires in history, and then collapsed. According to Roman legend. Rome was founded in 753 B.C. By 275 B.C., it controlled most of the Italian Peninsula. In the A.D. 100’s, the Roman Empire covered about half of Europe, much of the Middle East, and the northern coast of Africa. The empire then began to crumble, party because it was too big for Rome to govern. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The millions of people who lived in the Roman Empire spoke many languages and followed many different customs and religions. But the Roman Empire bound them together under a common system of law and government. The languages†¦show more content†¦At the heart of a Roman city laid the forum- a large open space surrounded by markets, government buildings and temples. Rich and poor gathered together in the bustling forum and at the baths, theaters, and arenas. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The earliest Romans believed that gods and goddesses had power over agriculture and all aspects of daily life. During the 300’s B.C., the Romans came info increasing contact with Greek ideas. They then began to worship Greek gods and goddesses. They gave them Roman names and built temples and shrines in their honor. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The government controlled the religion of ancient Rome. Priests were government officials, who were either elected or appointed to office. But by A.D. 100, many Romans had lost interest in their religion. They became attracted to the religions of the Middle East, which appealed strongly to the emotions. Christianity, one of the Middle Eastern religions, gained many followers. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Romans began their day at sunrise. Breakfast was usually a light meal of bread and cheese. 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The Role of Performance Management

Questioins: Task 1. Discuss about determinants of Effective Financial Risk Management in Small Business? Task 2. Discuss business cycle management and firm performance? Answers: Introduction: A hypotheitico- deductive model is a description of a scientific research model: the process of scientific research or enquiry being conducted on the basis of a formulated hypothesis. The term refers to the process of conducting an investigation of various scientific theories and/ or hypotheses in a systematic manner. Strictly speaking, the principal aim of the hypotheitico- deductive studies is to investigate and find out the answers to any set of any specific set of questions or to prove any hypothesis (Adler, 2010). Needles to say, the central goal of any hypothetico-deductive method is to find out a definitive answer to the research questions being considered, through the analysis of the hypothesis. The research must be conducted using a systematic process and series of predefined steps must be followed, along with the rigid consideration of a standard protocol or policy (Beke, 2010). However, it should also be kept in mind that the rules might vary significantly based on the dom ain of science in which the research is being conducted. It is important for managers to understand the importance of such research methodologies as the theories of scientific management that are being implemented in almost every industry across the word depend on the results of such research methods. The influence of scientific management can be perceived in the day to day activities of business operations like that of planning, cost accounting, quality control, process design, and/ or ergonomics. The knowledge of such theories provides the managers with the capability to understand the various policies and strategies involved in industrial management. The knowledge of quantitative analysis provides a tool for the measurement of the numbers and figures that can be utilized to measure the efficiency of various operations of the business. Comparative Study: In each and every hypothetico-deductive research approach, a review of literatures that depict the results of past researches must be conducted so as to gain an insight to those questions the answers for which has still not been found out. In course of preparing this research paper, three existing literatures have been reviewed, the details of which have been provided in the following section (Berman, 2005). Task 1: In the article titled as Determinants of Effective Financial Risk Management in Small Business: A Theoretical Framework, the researchers have developed a theoretical model that could be used to find out the factors that have the potential to increase the efficiency of the various strategies used to manage the financial risks involved in small businesses (Rahman, Yaacob Radzi, 2015). The research has been done using hypothetico-deductive methodologies, that is the authors have conducted their research based on certain hypothesis, and have aimed at finding materials that would provide a proof of the hypothesis to be true. Variable used in the research: The various potential factors that have an immense influence on the financial risks experienced by small sized business include the type of leadership prevalent in the business, the types and extent of training programs that are being made available to the employees, the technology being used in the business houses, the nature of the entrepreneurship and the accounting systems used in the organization (Box Platts, 2005). The factors that have been discussed and elaborated in this article have been defined based on various already existing article and literature that were reviewed for conducting the research. However, in this context, some cases studies of successful implementation of risk management processes in small scaled businesses of Malaysia has also been considered, since Asian countries are renowned for the very fact implementation of management strategies. The authors are of the opinion that, since in small scaled businesses the financial constraints are managed by the owners themselves, these owners should also have the sufficient leadership qualities required for managing the organizations amidst the various financial risks and/ or constraints ('Fraud Risk Management', 2015). The authors also emphasize on the provision of a good training program to the employees and to the management, as the transfer of knowledge among them and the development of the necessary skill set would only be beneficial to effectively managing the business, thus ensuring success of the business houses (Garvare Johansson, 2010). The researches have emphasized on the incorporation of information technology in various sectors of the small scaled businesses in order to manage the finances of their business. According to the articles reviewed by the authors, about 30 percent of the small scaled business houses of Malaysia use various their own websites in order to draw the attention of their customers, besides using various other software tools that facilitate the management process. Last but not the least, the authors solicitate for such an orientation of the entrepreneurship that would allow the owners to take risks, implement innovative ideas and act in a proactive manner while expanding the domain of their business. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework thus developed by the authors suggests the incorporation of the following potential factors to efficiently manage the financial risks associated with the small scaled industries: Leadership qualities of the owners(Holman, 2005). Provision of quality training to both the employees and the employers. The incorporation of IT based tools to keep in pace with the recent technological developments(Pratoom, 2010). A change in the orientation of the entrepreneurship. Source: Rahman, Yaacob, Radzi,. (2015). Determinants of Effective Financial Risk Management in Small Business: A Theoretical Framework. Information Management And Business Review, 7(2,), 87-92. Task 2: In the article titled as Business cycle management and firm performance: Tying the empirical knot, the authors to have tried to provide an empirical support to the idea that the difference between the firms that have high levels of performance with those having a lower performance level is the incorporation of the practices and strategies of business cycle management or the BCM (Navarro Bromiley, 2015). The self exploratory research focuses on the relationship between the performance of a business firm and the various business cycle management theories that have been implemented in the firm. The authors have reviewed a wide range of already existing literature for conducting the study and have defined the potential factors based on the experimental findings mentioned in those research papers. The authors have also gathered data from the various case studies and analyses that are widely available in this domain. The empirical analysis of data has been based on the data about sample pairs of business houses having high and low performance levels, as collected from the SP 500. The initial explanation provided by the authors is based on the updated version of the standard behavioral theory as implemented by various firms or the BTOF (Steensen, 2010). The theory of BTOF is based on the assumption that most of firms operate using activities which include various parameters and that these parameters are adjusted time to time based on the feedbacks that the firms get from the market. As for example, an organization that experiences frequent shortages in their inventory might actually have to change the routine and activities that it follows in order to procure its raw materials, such that a high level of stock can be maintained. The authors are of the opinion that instead of adapting BTOF models, which provide slow and misleading conclusions most of the time, the firm should implement behavioral theory routines that would them to manage the business cycles in a proactive manner. The firm can actually search for problem sectors at first, within a BTOF models, and then research for routines that could be used to provide better routine performances. In order to implement a proactive model of the behavioral theory, it is suggested by the authors to put emphasis on the following sectors of the operation of the business firm: Supply dimension Capital dimension and Demand dimension. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework thus developed by the research article connects the performance level of any organization with the following domains of operational activities: Supply dimension Capital dimension and Demand dimension. However, since all these operational activities include a wide range of activities, the authors have pointed out the very basic operations that should be targeted in order to increase the level of performance of an organization, the activities being mentioned in the following sections: Supply dimension: staffing, production and inventory and supply chain management. Capital dimension: debit and credit accounts, capital expenditures, capital financing and acquisitions (WANG, 2010). Demand dimension: pricing, advertising and product mixing. Source: Navarro, Bromiley,. (2015). Business cycle management and firm performance: Tying the empirical knot.JSMA. Conclusion: In both the articles, the authors used various primary and secondary data so as to prove the hypothesis they had formulated. The data collected from the already existing literature have been helpful in the process of analysis: which in turn have helped in the process of deriving conclusion and formulating the conceptual research framework. Both the research groups have also refereed to various case studies and analyses in the domains of their study. The analysis of the case study have provided them with a much better insight into business management domains in which the researches were being conducted. However, while the first article provided results based on the secondary researches only, the authors of the second article have incorporated the data found through secondary research into some pre-existing business management theories. However, the rule that has been pointed out by these research papers is that a wide range of literature must be surveyed before any research work so as to gain a clear idea of research questions which should be answered. References: Adler, R. (2010). Enhancing business success: The role of performance management. Business Horizons, 53(4), 331-333. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2010.02.001 Beke, J. (2010). Business and Management Aspects of International Accounting Standardization. IJBM, 5(12). doi:10.5539/ijbm.v5n12p23 Berman, B. (2005). Applying yield management pricing to your service business. Business Horizons, 48(2), 169-179. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2004.10.015 Box, S., Platts, K. (2005). Business process management: establishing and maintaining project alignment. Business Process Mgmt Journal, 11(4), 370-387. doi:10.1108/14637150510609408 Fraud Risk Management. (2015). Journal Of Business Management Economics. doi:10.15520/jbme.2015.vol3.iss2.13.pp14-19 Garvare, R., Johansson, P. (2010). Management for sustainability A stakeholder theory. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 21(7), 737-744. doi:10.1080/14783363.2010.483095 Holman, D. (2005). Book Review: Business Research Methods. Management Learning, 36(2), 266-268. doi:10.1177/135050760503600209 Navarro, Bromiley,. (2015). Business cycle management and firm performance: Tying the empirical knot. JSMA. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/1755-425X.htm Pratoom, K. (2010). Validating the Reputation Quotient Scale: Human Resource Management Perspective. International Business Management, 4(4), 243-249. doi:10.3923/ibm.2010.243.249 Rahman, Yaacob, Radzi,. (2015). Determinants of Effective Financial Risk Management in Small Business: A Theoretical Framework. Information Management And Business Review, 7(2,), 87-92. Steensen, E. (2010). Quality performance excellence: Management, organization and strategy. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 21(10), 1057-1057. doi:10.1080/14783360903332387 WANG, W. (2010). Comparison Research of IPO Pricing Model. Management Engineering, 74-77. doi:10.5503/j.me.2010.01.013